(1) Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuwononga pulasitiki
Vuto lomwe likuchulukirachulukira la kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki likuwopseza thanzi la anthu ndipo likufunika kuthetsedwa bwino lomwe, lomwe lakhala chigwirizano cha anthu.Malinga ndi "Kuchokera ku Pollution to Solutions: Global Assessment of Marine Litter and Plastic Pollution" yomwe idatulutsidwa ndi United Nations Environment Programme mu Okutobala 2021, kuyambira 1950 mpaka 2017, matani 9.2 biliyoni azinthu zapulasitiki zidapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe pafupifupi 70 Mazana mamiliyoni a matani asanduka zinyalala za pulasitiki, ndipo mlingo wapadziko lonse wobwezeretsanso zinyalala zapulasitikizi ndi zosakwana 10%.Kafukufuku wasayansi wofalitsidwa mu 2018 ndi British "Royal Society Open Science" adawonetsa kuti zinyalala za pulasitiki zomwe zikuchitika m'nyanja zafika matani 75 miliyoni mpaka 199 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 85% ya kulemera konse kwa zinyalala zam'madzi.
Kuchuluka kotereku kwa zinyalala za pulasitiki kwakhala kowopsa kwa anthu.Ngati njira zothandizira zothandizira sizingatengedwe, akuti pofika chaka cha 2040, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zapulasitiki zomwe zimalowa m'madzi zidzafika pafupifupi matani 23-37 miliyoni pachaka.
Zinyalala za pulasitiki sizimangowononga kwambiri zamoyo zam'madzi komanso zapadziko lapansi, komanso zimakulitsa kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi.Chofunika koposa, ma microplastics ndi zowonjezera zawo zitha kukhudzanso kwambiri thanzi la munthu.Ngati palibe njira zogwirira ntchito komanso zinthu zina, kupanga kwa anthu ndi moyo wawo zidzawopsezedwa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuwononga pulasitiki.Mayiko a mayiko apereka ndondomeko zoyenera zoletsa ndi kuchepetsa mapulasitiki, ndipo apereka ndondomeko yoletsa ndi kuchepetsa mapulasitiki.
Mu 2019, Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Europe idavota mwamphamvu kuti iletse kuletsa mapulasitiki, ndipo izi zidzachitika mu 2021, kutanthauza kuti, kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu 10 ya zida zapulasitiki zotayidwa, pulasitiki za thonje za pulasitiki, udzu wa pulasitiki, ndi ndodo za pulasitiki zogwedeza. .Zapulasitiki zogonana.
China idatulutsa "Maganizo Owonjezera Kuwongolera Kuwonongeka kwa Pulasitiki" mu 2020, kulimbikitsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa pulasitiki, kulimbikitsa zinthu zina zamapulasitiki osawonongeka, ndikulingalira "kufikira pachimake cha kaboni pofika 2030 ndikukwaniritsa kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni pofika 2060" zolinga zapawiri za kaboni.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, China yatulutsa "Pulogalamu ya 14 ya Zaka zisanu" mu 2021, yomwe imanena kuti ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kuchepetsa kupanga pulasitiki ndikugwiritsa ntchito gwero, ndikulimbikitsa mwasayansi komanso kulimbikitsa pulasitiki. mankhwala.Pa Meyi 28, 2021, ASEAN idatulutsa "Regional Action Plan to Address Marine Plastic Waste 2021-2025", yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuwonetsa kutsimikiza mtima kwa ASEAN kuthana ndi vuto lomwe likukulirakulira lakuwonongeka kwa zinyalala za pulasitiki m'madzi zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.
Pofika chaka cha 2022, mayiko opitilira 140 adapanga momveka bwino kapena apereka malamulo oletsa pulasitiki ndi malamulo oletsa pulasitiki.Kuonjezera apo, misonkhano yambiri ya mayiko ndi mabungwe a mayiko akugwiranso ntchito kuti athandize mayiko kuti achepetse ndi kuthetsa zinthu zapulasitiki, kulimbikitsa kupanga njira zina, ndi kusintha ndondomeko za mafakitale ndi zamalonda kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki.
N’zochititsa chidwi kuti pamsonkhano wachisanu wa United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-5.2), womwe udzachitike kuyambira pa February 28 mpaka March 2, 2022, mayiko omwe ali m’bungwe la United Nations adagwirizana kuti akhazikitse mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi malamulo. mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wolimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki.Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zolakalaka kwambiri zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 1989 Montreal Protocol.
(2) “Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi” ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki
Kupeza zolowa m'malo mwa pulasitiki ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki ndikuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki kuchokera kugwero, komanso ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika pakuyankhira kwapadziko lonse ku vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki.Zinthu zowonongeka zowonongeka monga tirigu ndi udzu zimatha kusintha mapulasitiki.Koma mwazinthu zonse zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, nsungwi ili ndi maubwino apadera.
Bamboo ndiye chomera chomwe chikukula mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukula kwakukulu kwa nsungwi ndi mamita 1.21 pa maola 24, ndipo kukula kwakukulu ndi kochindikala kumatha kutha pakadutsa miyezi 2-3.Nsungwi zimakhwima msanga, ndipo zimatha kukhala nkhalango pakadutsa zaka 3-5, ndipo mphukira zansungwi zimameranso chaka chilichonse, zokolola zambiri, ndipo kubzala nkhalango kamodzi kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza.Bamboo imafalitsidwa kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza.Pali mitundu 1,642 ya nsungwi zomwe zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.Zimadziwika kuti pali mayiko 39 omwe ali ndi nkhalango zokwana nsungwi za mahekitala oposa 50 miliyoni komanso kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa matani oposa 600 miliyoni a nsungwi.Pakati pawo, pali mitundu yopitilira 857 ya nsungwi ku China, ndipo dera la nkhalango yansungwi ndi mahekitala 6.41 miliyoni.Kutengera kusinthasintha kwapachaka kwa 20%, matani 70 miliyoni ansungwi akuyenera kudulidwa mozungulira.Pakali pano, chiwerengero chonse cha malonda a nsungwi padziko lonse ndi oposa 300 biliyoni, ndipo chidzapitirira 700 biliyoni pofika 2025.
Zachilengedwe zapadera za bamboo zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri kuposa pulasitiki.Bamboo ndi chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri chongowonjezedwanso, chobwezerezedwanso, komanso choteteza chilengedwe, ndipo chili ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu kwambiri, kulimba kwabwino, kulimba kwambiri, komanso pulasitiki yabwino.Mwachidule, nsungwi zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nsungwi zopangidwa ndi nsungwi ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zolemera.Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito nsungwi akuchulukirachulukira.Pakali pano, mitundu yoposa 10,000 ya nsungwi yapangidwa, yomwe imakhudza mbali zonse za kupanga ndi moyo monga zovala, chakudya, nyumba, ndi zoyendera.
Zopangira nsungwi zimasunga milingo yotsika ya kaboni komanso ngakhale mayendedwe oyipa a kaboni m'moyo wawo wonse.Pansi pa "double carbon", mayamwidwe a kaboni a nsungwi ndikugwira ntchito yake ndiyofunika kwambiri.Kuchokera pamalingaliro a njira yoyikira kaboni, poyerekeza ndi zinthu zapulasitiki, zinthu zansungwi zimakhala ndi mpweya woipa.Zopangira nsungwi zimatha kuwonongeka mwachilengedwe zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimatha kuteteza chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.Ziŵerengero zimasonyeza kuti mphamvu yochotsa mpweya m’nkhalango za nsungwi ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa mitengo wamba, kuŵirikiza 1.46 kuposa ya mkungudza wa ku China ndi kuŵirikiza ka 1.33 kuposa ya nkhalango zamvula za m’madera otentha.Nkhalango za Bamboo ku China zimatha kuchepetsa mpweya ndi matani 197 miliyoni ndikuchotsa matani 105 miliyoni a carbon chaka chilichonse, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchepetsa mpweya ndi kuchotsedwa kudzafika matani 302 miliyoni.Ngati dziko ligwiritsa ntchito matani 600 miliyoni a nsungwi m'malo mwa zinthu za PVC chaka chilichonse, akuti matani 4 biliyoni a carbon dioxide amachepetsa.Mwachidule, "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kungathandize kukongoletsa chilengedwe, kuchepetsa carbon ndi sequestering carbon, kupititsa patsogolo chuma, kuonjezera ndalama ndi kukhala wolemera.Ingathenso kukwaniritsa zofuna za anthu za zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kupangitsa anthu kukhala osangalala ndi kupindula.
Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga sayansi ndi luso lamakono atha kusintha zinthu zambiri zapulasitiki.Mwachitsanzo: mapaipi okhotakhota a nsungwi.Zhejiang Xinzhou Bamboo-based Composite Material Technology Co., Ltd. ndi International Bamboo and Rattan Center, monga ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi wogwiritsa ntchito nsungwi, patatha zaka zopitilira 10 za kafukufuku chitukuko, chinatsitsimulanso makampani a nsungwi aku China padziko lapansi.kutalika kwa dziko.Mndandanda wa zinthu monga mipope yokhotakhota ya nsungwi, nyumba zosungiramo zitoliro, zonyamula njanji zothamanga kwambiri, ndi nyumba zopangidwa ndiukadaulowu zitha kulowa m'malo mwazinthu zapulasitiki zochulukirapo.Sizinthu zokhazo zomwe zimangongowonjezedwanso komanso kuthamangitsidwa kwa kaboni, koma kukonza kungathenso kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa mpweya, komanso kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe.Mtengo wake ndi wotsika.Pofika chaka cha 2022, mapaipi opangidwa ndi nsungwi adadziwika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi ndi ngalande, ndipo adalowa gawo la ntchito zamafakitale.Mizere isanu ndi umodzi yopanga mafakitale yamangidwa, ndipo kutalika kwa polojekitiyi kwafika makilomita oposa 300.Tekinoloje iyi ili ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'malo mwa mapulasitiki aumisiri mtsogolo.
Kuyika kwa bamboo.Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chamakampani opanga zinthu, kutumiza ndi kulandira kutumiza mwachangu kwakhala gawo la moyo wa anthu.Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la State Post Bureau linanena, makampani opanga zinthu ku China amapanga pafupifupi matani 1.8 miliyoni a zinyalala zapulasitiki chaka chilichonse.Kuyika kwa bamboo kukukhala kokondedwa kwatsopano ndi makampani ofotokozera.Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma CD a nsungwi, makamaka kuphatikiza nsungwi kuluka, kuyika nsungwi pepala, nsungwi lathe ma CD, zingwe ma CD, yaiwisi nsungwi ma CD, pansi chidebe ndi zina zotero.Kupaka kwa nsungwi kumatha kuyikidwa papaketi yakunja yazinthu zosiyanasiyana monga nkhanu zaubweya, madontho a mpunga, makeke a mwezi, zipatso, ndi zinthu zapadera.Ndipo mankhwalawa atatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyika kwa nsungwi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chokongoletsera kapena bokosi losungiramo zinthu, kapena dengu lamasamba pogula tsiku lililonse, lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kangapo, komanso lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pokonzekera makala ansungwi, etc., amene ali bwino recyclability.
Kudzaza kwa nsungwi.Cooling tower ndi mtundu wa zida zoziziritsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amagetsi, mafakitale amankhwala, ndi mphero zachitsulo.Kuzizira kwake kumakhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a nsanja yozizirira, kuwongolera koyamba ndikulongedza nsanja yozizirira.Pakali pano nsanja yozizira imagwiritsa ntchito PVC pulasitiki filler.Kulongedza kwa nsungwi kumatha kulowa m'malo mwa pulasitiki ya PVC ndipo kumakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki.Jiangsu Hengda Bamboo Packing Co., Ltd. ndi bizinesi yodziwika bwino ya nsungwi zolongedza nsanja zoziziritsa zamagetsi amtundu wamafuta, komanso gawo lopangira nsungwi kulongedza nsanja zoziziritsa za National Torch Program.Makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zomangira za bamboo lattice pansanja zozizirira amatha kulembetsa kuti athandizidwe pagulu lazinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwa zaka zisanu zotsatizana.Ku China kokha, msika wapachaka wozizira wansanja wonyamula nsungwi umaposa ma yuan biliyoni 120.M'tsogolomu, miyezo yapadziko lonse idzakhazikitsidwa, yomwe ingalimbikitse ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika wapadziko lonse.
Grill ya bamboo.Mtengo wa geogrid wopangidwa ndi nsungwi wopangidwa ndi carbonized ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa gridi yapulasitiki yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo uli ndi zabwino zowonekeratu pakukhalitsa, kukana nyengo, kusalala, komanso kubereka konse.Zogulitsazo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangira njanji zofewa, misewu yayikulu, ma eyapoti, ma docks, ndi malo osungira madzi, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito paulimi wamalo monga kubzala ndi kuswana maukonde a mpanda, scaffolding ya mbewu, etc.
Masiku ano, m'malo mwa nsungwi zapulasitiki ndi nsungwi zikuchulukirachulukira pozungulira ife.Kuchokera pazitsulo zotayidwa zansungwi, zamkati zamagalimoto, ma casings amagetsi, zida zamasewera mpaka zonyamula katundu, zida zodzitetezera, ndi zina zambiri, zinthu zansungwi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana."Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" sikumangotengera matekinoloje ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo kale, kumakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo komanso kuthekera kopanda malire komwe kukuyembekezeka kupezedwa.
"Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kuli ndi tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi:
(1) Yankhani ku chikhumbo chofanana cha anthu apadziko lonse lapansi kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika.Bamboo amafalitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Monga dziko lokhalamo la International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation komanso dziko lalikulu lamakampani ansungwi padziko lonse lapansi, China imalimbikitsa ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso luso lamakampani ansungwi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo imayesetsa kuthandiza mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nsungwi. kuti apititse patsogolo kuyankha kwawo pakusintha kwanyengo komanso kuipitsa chilengedwe.nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi monga umphawi ndi umphawi wadzaoneni.Kukula kwa msika wa nsungwi ndi rattan kwathandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa South-South ndipo wakhala akuyamikiridwa kwambiri ndi mayiko.Kuyambira ku China, "kuchotsa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kudzatsogoleranso dziko lonse kuti ligwirizane ndi kusintha kobiriwira, kulimbikitsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa zolinga zachitukuko zokhazikika za United Nations, ndikulimbikitsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa chitukuko champhamvu, chobiriwira komanso chathanzi padziko lonse lapansi. .
(2) Kugwirizana ndi malamulo olemekeza chilengedwe, kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe, ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.Kuipitsa kwa pulasitiki ndiye kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komwe ambiri kumakhala m'nyanja.Nsomba zambiri zam'madzi zimakhala ndi tinthu tapulasitiki m'mitsempha yawo.Anangumi ambiri afa chifukwa chomeza pulasitiki… Zimatenga zaka 200 kuti pulasitiki yawole itakwiriridwa pamtunda, ndipo yamezedwa ndi nyama za m’nyanja… …Ngati zimenezi zipitirira, kodi anthu angathe kupezabe nsomba za m’nyanja?Ngati kusintha kwa nyengo kukupitirira, kodi anthu angathe kukhala ndi moyo ndikukula?"Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kumagwirizana ndi malamulo achilengedwe ndipo kumatha kukhala chisankho chofunikira pakupitilira kukula kwa anthu.
(3) Tsatirani lingaliro lachilengedwe la chitukuko chophatikizana chobiriwira, kusiya mwamphamvu kusawona pang'ono mchitidwe wopereka nsembe zachilengedwe kwakanthawi, ndipo nthawi zonse tsatirani kutsimikiza kogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe komanso chitetezo chachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe. , ndi kukhalirana kogwirizana kwa munthu ndi chilengedwe.Uku ndikusintha kwachitukuko."Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kumadalira mawonekedwe ongowonjezedwanso komanso obwezerezedwanso a nsungwi, kuphatikiza kutsika kwa kaboni kwanthawi yonse yopanga nsungwi, zimalimbikitsa kusinthika kwamitundu yazopanga, kulimbikitsa kutembenuka kwachilengedwe kwa nsungwi. chuma, ndi kusintha kwenikweni ubwino zachilengedwe kuti phindu pazachuma.Uku ndiye kukhathamiritsa kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale."Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kumagwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika pakusintha kwaukadaulo ndikusintha kwa mafakitale, kumagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wosintha zobiriwira, kupititsa patsogolo luso, kumalimbikitsa kukula mwachangu kwa mafakitale obiriwira, ndikulimbikitsa kukhathamiritsa ndi kukweza kwa mafakitale.
Ino ndi nthawi yodzaza ndi zovuta, komanso nthawi yodzaza ndi chiyembekezo.Ntchito ya "Replace Plastic with Bamboo" idzaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa zotsatira za Global Development High-Level Dialogue pa June 24, 2022. Kuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa zotsatira za Global Development High-Level Dialogue ndi chiyambi chatsopano cha "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi".Pachiyambi ichi, China, monga dziko lalikulu la nsungwi, yasonyeza udindo ndi udindo wake.Uku ndiye kukhulupilika kwa dziko lapansi ndi kutsimikiza kwa nsungwi, komanso ndikuzindikirika ndi kuyembekezera chitukuko padziko lonse lapansi.Ndi luso laukadaulo la kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi, kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi kudzakhala kokulirapo, ndipo kulimbikitsidwa kwake pakupanga ndi moyo ndi magawo onse amoyo kudzakhala kolimba komanso kolimba.Makamaka, "kulowetsa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kudzalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kutembenuka kwa kukula kwachangu, ukadaulo wapamwamba Kusintha kwa mowa wobiriwira, kukweza kwamafuta obiriwira, motero kusintha moyo, kukonza chilengedwe, kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga wokongola kwambiri, wathanzi ndi zisathe wobiriwira nyumba, ndi kuzindikira wobiriwira kusintha mu nkhani zambiri.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njira ya "nsungwi m'malo mwa pulasitiki".
Pansi pa nthawi ya kuyankha kwapadziko lonse pakusintha kwanyengo komanso kuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki, nsungwi ndi rattan zitha kupereka mndandanda wazovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi monga kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki ndi kusintha kwanyengo kutengera chilengedwe;nsungwi ndi rattan zithandizira ku chitukuko chokhazikika cha maiko ndi zigawo zomwe zikutukuka kumene.Chitukuko chokhazikika ndi kusintha kobiriwira;pali kusiyana kwa teknoloji, luso, ndondomeko, ndi kuzindikira pa chitukuko cha malonda a bamboo ndi rattan pakati pa mayiko ndi zigawo, ndipo ndikofunikira kupanga njira zachitukuko ndi zothetsera zatsopano malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri.Poyang'anizana ndi tsogolo, momwe mungalimbikitsire kwathunthu kukhazikitsidwa kwa "m'malo mwa nsungwi ndi pulasitiki" dongosolo?Momwe mungalimbikitsire maiko padziko lonse lapansi kuti aphatikizepo njira ya "Bamboo for Plastic" m'madongosolo ambiri pamagawo osiyanasiyana?Wolembayo amakhulupirira kuti pali mfundo zotsatirazi.
(1) Pangani nsanja yapadziko lonse lapansi yogwirizana ndi International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation kuti mulimbikitse "kuchotsa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi".Bungwe la International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation silimangoyambitsa ntchito ya "Replace Plastic with Bamboo", komanso lalimbikitsa "Replace Plastic with Bamboo" monga malipoti kapena maphunziro nthawi zambiri kuyambira Epulo 2019. Mu Disembala 2019, a International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation adalumikizana manja ndi International Bamboo and Rattan Center kuti achite nawo gawo la "Kusintha Pulasitiki ndi Bamboo Kuthana ndi Kusintha kwa Nyengo" pa msonkhano wa 25 wa United Nations wa Kusintha kwanyengo kuti akambirane za kuthekera kwa nsungwi pakuthana ndi vuto la pulasitiki padziko lonse lapansi. ndi kuchepetsa utsi woipitsidwa ndi kawonedwe kake.Kumapeto kwa Disembala 2020, ku Boao International Plastic Ban Viwanda Forum, International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation idakonza chiwonetsero cha "Replace Plastic with Bamboo" ndi anzawo, ndipo adapereka mfundo yayikulu pankhani monga kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki, zinthu zapulasitiki zotayidwa. kasamalidwe ndi zinthu zina Lipotilo ndi zokamba zambiri zinayambitsa njira zothetsera nsungwi zachilengedwe pa nkhani yapadziko lonse yoletsa kuletsa kwa pulasitiki ndi kuletsa kwa pulasitiki, zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha ophunzirawo.Wolembayo amakhulupirira kuti pansi pazimenezi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito ya "m'malo mwa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" zochokera ku International Bamboo ndi Rattan Organization, ndikugwira ntchito muzinthu zambiri monga kupanga ndondomeko, luso lamakono, ndi kukweza ndalama kudzachita gawo lalikulu.zotsatira zabwino.Pulatifomuyi ili makamaka ndi udindo wothandizira ndi kuthandiza mayiko padziko lonse lapansi kupanga ndi kulimbikitsa ndondomeko zoyenera;kukulitsa mgwirizano wasayansi ndiukadaulo wa "kuyika nsungwi m'malo mwa pulasitiki", kupanga zatsopano zogwiritsa ntchito, zogwira mtima komanso zokhazikika za nsungwi zapulasitiki, ndikupanga mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito umisiri watsopano ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zatsopano;Kafukufuku watsopano wokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha zachuma chobiriwira, kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito, chitukuko chamakampani oyambira pansi ndi kuwonjezera phindu;pamisonkhano yapamwamba yapadziko lonse lapansi monga United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Climate Change Conference, World Forestry Conference, China International Fair for Trade in Services, ndi "World Earth Day" Pamasiku ofunikira apadziko lonse lapansi ndi masiku okumbukira monga Tsiku la Zachilengedwe Padziko Lonse ndi Tsiku la Zankhalango Padziko Lonse, gwiritsani ntchito malonda ndi kulengeza za "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi".
(2) Kupititsa patsogolo mapangidwe apamwamba pa mlingo wa dziko posachedwapa, kukhazikitsa njira ya zokambirana za mayiko osiyanasiyana, kukhazikitsa nsanja ya mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa sayansi ndi zamakono, kukonza kafukufuku wophatikizana, kusintha mtengo wa mankhwala apulasitiki kudzera kukonzanso ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo yoyenera, ndikumanga njira yoyendetsera malonda padziko lonse lapansi, kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito "m'malo mwa nsungwi m'mapulasitiki".
Limbikitsani kutukuka kophatikizana kwa nsungwi ndi rattan m'mayiko ndi m'madera, kupanga nsungwi ndi rattan unyolo ndi unyolo wamtengo wapatali, kukhazikitsa nsungwi ndi rattan zowonekera komanso zokhazikika, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chachikulu chamakampani ansungwi ndi rattan. .Pangani malo abwino opangira bizinesi yansungwi ndi rattan, ndikulimbikitsa kupindulana ndikupambana mgwirizano pakati pa mabizinesi ansungwi ndi rattan.Samalani ndi gawo la mabizinesi a nsungwi ndi ma rattan pakukula kwachuma chotsika kaboni, chuma chopindulitsa zachilengedwe, komanso chuma chobiriwira chozungulira.Tetezani zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zachilengedwe za nsungwi ndi malo opangira rattan ndi malo ozungulira.Limbikitsani kadyedwe kazachilengedwe kogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe ndikukulitsa chizolowezi cha ogula chogula nsungwi ndi rattan zomwe sizingawononge chilengedwe komanso zodziwika bwino.
(3) Wonjezerani luso la sayansi ndi luso la "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" ndikulimbikitsa kugawana zomwe zapindula zasayansi ndi zamakono.Pakadali pano, kukhazikitsa "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" ndizotheka.Zida za bamboo ndizochuluka, zakuthupi ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndipo teknoloji ndi yotheka.Kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje ofunikira pakukonzekera udzu wabwino, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha matekinoloje ofunikira a nsungwi zokhotakhota zopangira machubu, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yopangira mabokosi a nsungwi, komanso kuwunika ntchito kwa zinthu zatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito nsungwi m'malo mwa nsungwi. pulasitiki.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunikanso kuchita kulimbikitsa maphwando oyenerera pamakampani a nsungwi ndi rattan, kuyang'ana pa chitukuko cha mafakitale akumunsi ndi cholinga chowonjezera phindu kuzinthu zoyambirira ndi kupititsa patsogolo unyolo wa mafakitale, ndi kulima akatswiri mu mabizinesi a bamboo ndi rattan, kupanga, kasamalidwe ka ntchito, kuyimitsa zinthu ndi certification, ndalama zobiriwira ndi malonda.Komabe, "kuchotsa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kuyeneranso kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wozama ndi chitukuko ndikuzama kusinthana ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wasayansi ndiukadaulo.Mwachitsanzo: nsungwi yonse ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga mafakitale, zoyendera, ndi zina zotero, zomwe ndizofunikira komanso zasayansi pomanga chitukuko cha chilengedwe cha anthu m'tsogolomu.Bamboo ndi nkhuni zitha kuphatikizidwa bwino kuti zilimbikitse kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni pantchito yomanga.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti 40% ya zowonongeka zowonongeka zimachokera ku makampani omangamanga.Makampani omanga ndi omwe amachititsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke komanso kusintha kwa nyengo.Izi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito nkhalango zosamalidwa bwino kuti zipereke zida zongowonjezera.Mpweya wa kaboni wa bamboo ndi wochepa kwambiri, ndipo zida zomangira za nsungwi zambiri zitha kupangidwa kuti zithandizire kuchepetsa umuna.Chitsanzo china: cholinga chofanana cha INBAR ndi Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations ndikusintha kachitidwe ka chakudya ndi ulimi ndikukulitsa mphamvu zake.Zinthu zosawonongeka komanso zoipitsa za pulasitiki zimawopseza kwambiri kusintha kwa chakudya ndi ulimi.Masiku ano, matani 50 miliyoni apulasitiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazaulimi padziko lonse lapansi.Ngati "m'malo mwa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" ndikuyika zinthu zachilengedwe, zitha kusunga zachilengedwe za FAO zaumoyo.Sizovuta kuwona kuti msika wa "m'malo mwa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" ndi waukulu.Ngati tiwonjezera kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha luso la sayansi ndi luso lamakono m'njira yokhudzana ndi msika, tikhoza kupanga zinthu zambiri zomwe zimalowetsa pulasitiki ndikulimbikitsa chilengedwe chogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi.
(4) Limbikitsani kukwezeleza ndi kukhazikitsa "kusintha nsungwi m'malo mwa pulasitiki" posayina zikalata zomangirira zamalamulo.Pamsonkhano wachisanu wa United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-5.2) womwe wayambikanso kuyambira pa February 28 mpaka pa Marichi 2, 2022, mayiko omwe ali m’bungwe la United Nations adagwirizana kuti apange mgwirizano wogwirizana mwalamulo pokambirana ndi maboma.Pangano lapadziko lonse lolimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki.Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zolakalaka kwambiri zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 1989 Montreal Protocol.Pakalipano, mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi apereka malamulo oletsa kapena kuchepetsa kupanga, kuitanitsa, kugawa ndi kugulitsa mapulasitiki, kuyembekezera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki otayika kupyolera mu kuchepetsa pulasitiki ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, kuti ateteze bwino thanzi laumunthu ndi chilengedwe. chitetezo.Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi kungachepetse kuipitsidwa ndi mapulasitiki, makamaka ma microplastics, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki onse.Ngati chida chomangirira chovomerezeka chofanana ndi "Kyoto Protocol" chasainidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti chithane ndi kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki, chidzalimbikitsa kwambiri kulimbikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa "kuchotsa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi".
(5) Khazikitsani Global Fund ya "Kusintha Pulasitiki ndi Bamboo" kuti athandize pa R & D, kulengeza ndi kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wosinthira pulasitiki ndi nsungwi.Ndalama ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira pakulimbikitsa luso la "Kusintha Pulasitiki ndi Bamboo".Akuti pansi pa ndondomeko ya International Bamboo and Rattan Organization, Global Fund ya "Replacing Plastic with Bamboo" ikhazikitsidwe."Perekani ndalama zothandizira kulimbikitsa luso monga kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zamakono, kupititsa patsogolo malonda, ndi maphunziro a polojekiti pokwaniritsa ndondomeko yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki ndikuthandizira chitukuko chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi.Mwachitsanzo: perekani ndalama zomangira nsungwi m’maiko oyenerera kuti ziwathandize kupanga nsungwi ndi rattan;kuthandizira mayiko oyenerera kuti achite maphunziro a luso la kuluka nsungwi, kupititsa patsogolo luso la nzika m'mayiko kupanga ntchito zamanja ndi zofunikira zapakhomo za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikuwathandiza kukhala ndi luso lodzisamalira, ndi zina zotero.
(6) Kupyolera mu misonkhano ya mayiko ambiri, zofalitsa za dziko ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zapadziko lonse, kuwonjezera kulengeza kotero kuti "kulowetsa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kuvomerezedwe ndi anthu ambiri.Cholinga cha "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" ndi zotsatira za kulimbikitsa ndi kukwezedwa kwa International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation.Ntchito za International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation zolimbikitsa mawu ndi zochita "zosintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" zikupitilira."Kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi" kwakopa chidwi kwambiri, ndipo kwadziwika ndikuvomerezedwa ndi mabungwe ambiri ndi anthu.Mu Marichi 2021, International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation idakamba nkhani yapa intaneti ya mutu wakuti “Kusintha Pulasitiki ndi Bamboo”, ndipo ochita nawo pa intaneti adayankha mokondwera.Mu Seputembala, International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation idachita nawo 2021 China International Fair for Trade in Services ndikukhazikitsa chiwonetsero chapadera cha nsungwi ndi rattan kuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi pakuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki ndi chitukuko chobiriwira, komanso zabwino zake zazikulu. pa chitukuko cha chuma chozungulira cha carbon circular, ndikugwirizanitsa manja ndi China The Bamboo Industry Association ndi International Bamboo and Rattan Center imapanga msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa "Kusintha Pulasitiki ndi Bamboo" kuti akambirane za nsungwi monga njira yothetsera chilengedwe.Jiang Zehui, Wapampando Mnzake wa Bungwe la Atsogoleri a INBAR, ndi Mu Qiumu, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Secretariat ya INBAR, anakamba nkhani za kanema pamwambo wotsegulira msonkhanowo.Mu Okutobala, pamwambo wa 11th China Bamboo Culture Festival womwe unachitikira ku Yibin, Sichuan, International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation udachita msonkhano wosiyirana pa "Kusintha Pulasitiki ndi Bamboo" kuti akambirane njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki, kafukufuku wazinthu zina zapulasitiki ndi milandu yothandiza.Mu February 2022, International Cooperation Department of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China idati INBAR ipereke ntchito yachitukuko yapadziko lonse ya "Replace Plastic ndi Bamboo" ku Unduna wa Zachilendo ku China, poyankha zomwe Purezidenti Xi Jinping adafunsa. adachita nawo mtsutso waukulu wa gawo la 76 la United Nations General Assembly njira zisanu ndi imodzi zachitukuko zapadziko lonse lapansi.International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation idavomereza ndikukonza malingaliro a 5, kuphatikiza kupanga mfundo zabwino za "m'malo mwa pulasitiki ndi nsungwi", kulimbikitsa luso la sayansi ndiukadaulo la "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi", kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wasayansi pa "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi", ndi kulimbikitsa "kusintha pulasitiki ndi nsungwi".Kukwezeleza msika wapulasitiki” ndikuwonjezera kulengeza kwa "kulowetsa nsungwi m'malo mwa pulasitiki".
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-28-2023
